The Execution of Stoddart and Conolly in Bukhara

Two gaunt, ragged men kneeled beside the graves they had just dug in the square before Bukharas Ark Fortress. Their hands were bound behind their backs, and their hair and beards crawled with lice. In front of a small crowd, the Emir of Bukhara, Nasrullah Khan, gave the signal. A sword flashed in the sun, severing the head of Colonel Charles Stoddart of the British East India Company (BEI). The sword fell a second time, decapitating Stoddarts would-be rescuer, Captain Arthur Conolly of the BEIs Sixth Bengal Light Cavalry. With these two strokes, Nasrullah Khan ended Stoddart and Conollys roles in The Great Game, a term that Conolly himself coined to describe the competition between Britain and Russia for influence in Central Asia. But the Emir could not have known that his actions in 1842 would help shape the fate of his entire region well into the twentieth century. Charles Stoddart and the Emir Colonel Charles Stoddart arrived in Bukhara (now in Uzbekistan) on December 17, 1838, sent to try to arrange an alliance between Nasrullah Khan and the British East India Company against the Russian Empire, which was expanding its influence south. Russia had its eye on the khanates of Khiva, Bukhara, and Khokand, all important cities along the ancient Silk Road. From there, Russia could threaten Britains hold on its crown jewel — British India. Unfortunately for the BEI and especially for Colonel Stoddart, he offended Nasrullah Khan constantly from the moment he arrived. In Bukhara, it was customary for visiting dignitaries to dismount, lead their horses into the square or leave them with servants outside, and bow before the Emir. Stoddart instead followed British military protocol, which called for him to remain seated on his horse and salute the Emir from the saddle. Nasrullah Khan reportedly stared pointedly at Stoddart for some time after this salute  and then stalked off without a word. The Bug Pit Ever the supremely self-confident representative of imperial Britain, Colonel Stoddart continued to commit gaffe after gaffe during his audiences with the Emir. Finally, Nasrullah Khan could bear the affronts to his dignity no more and had Stoddart thrown into the Bug Pit — a vermin-infested dungeon under the Ark Fortress. Months and months went by, and despite the desperate notes that Stoddarts accomplices smuggled out of the pit for him, notes that made their way to Stoddarts colleagues in India as well as his family in England, no sign of a rescue appeared. Finally, one day the citys official executioner climbed down into the pit with orders to behead Stoddart on the spot unless he converted to Islam. In desperation, Stoddart agreed. Pleasantly surprised by this concession, the Emir had Stoddart brought out of the pit and placed into a much more comfortable house arrest in the chief of polices home. During this period, Stoddart met with the Emir on several occasions, and Nasrullah Khan began to consider allying himself with the British against the Russians. Arthur Conolly to the Rescue Busy propping up an unpopular puppet ruler in Afghanistan, the British East India Company had neither the troops nor the will to launch a military force into Bukhara and rescue Colonel Stoddart. The Home Government in London also had no attention to spare a lone imprisoned emissary, since it was embroiled in the First Opium War against Qing China. The rescue mission, which arrived in November of 1841, ended up being just one man - Captain Arthur Conolly of the cavalry. Conolly was an evangelical Protestant from Dublin, whose stated goals were to unite Central Asia under British rule, Christianize the region, and abolish the slave trade. A year earlier, he had set out for Khiva on a mission to convince the Khan to stop trading slaves; trade in Russian captives gave St. Petersburg a potential excuse for conquering the khanate, which would disadvantage the British. The Khan received Conolly politely but was not interested in his message. Conolly moved on to Khokand, with the same result. While there, he received a letter from Stoddart, who was just under house arrest at that particular time, stating that the Emir of Bukhara was interested in Conollys message. Neither Briton knew that Nasrullah Khan was really using Stoddart to lay a trap for Conolly. Despite a warning from the Khan of Khokand about his treacherous neighbor, Conolly set out to try to free Stoddart. Incarceration The Emir of Bukhara initially treated Conolly well, although the BEI captain was shocked at the emaciated and haggard appearance of his fellow countryman, Colonel Stoddart. When Nasrullah Khan realized, however, that Conolly did not bring a reply from Queen Victoria to his own earlier letter, he grew enraged. The Britons situation grew even more dire after January 5, 1842, when Afghan militants massacred the BEIs Kabul garrison during the First Anglo-Afghan War. Just one British doctor escaped death or capture, returning to India to tell the story. Nasrullah immediately lost all interest in aligning Bukhara with the British. He tossed Stoddart and Conolly into prison — a regular cell this time, though, rather than the pit. Execution of Stoddart and Conolly On June 17, 1842, Nasrullah Khan ordered Stoddart and Conolly brought to the square in front of the Ark Fortress. The crowd stood quietly while the two men dug their own graves. Then their hands were tied behind them, and the executioner forced them to kneel. Colonel Stoddart called out that the Emir was a tyrant. The executioner sliced off his head. The executioner offered Conolly the chance to convert to Islam in order to save his own life, but the evangelical Conolly refused. He too was beheaded. Stoddart was 36 years old; Conolly was 34. Aftermath When word of Stoddart and Conollys fate reached the British press, it rushed to lionize the men. The papers praised Stoddart for his sense of honor and duty, as well as his fiery temper (hardly a recommendation for diplomatic work), and emphasized Conollys deeply-held Christian faith. Outraged that the ruler of an obscure Central Asian city-state would dare execute these sons of the British Empire, the public called for a punitive mission against Bukhara, but the military and political authorities had no interest in such a move. The two officers deaths went unavenged. In the longer term, the British lack of interest in pushing their line of control into what is now Uzbekistan had a profound effect on the history of Central Asia. Over the next forty years, Russia subdued the entire area that is now Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Central Asia would remain under Russian control until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Sources Hopkirk, Peter. The Great Game: On Secret Service in High Asia, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Lee, Jonathan. The Ancient Supremacy: Bukhara, Afghanistan, and the Battle for Balkh, 1731-1901, Leiden: BRILL, 1996. Van Gorder, Christian. Muslim-Christian Relations in Central Asia, New York: Taylor Francis US, 2008. Wolff, Joseph. Narrative of a Mission to Bokhara: In the Years 1843-1845, Volume I, London: J.W. Parker, 1845.

Rappaccinis Daughter And The Birthmark By Nathaniel...

The Interrogated Science Science is one of the most important factors that many science fictions deal with. Some of them describe the positive and useful side of science such as the description of sciences like mathematics, physics, chemistry and many other fields of study. While some of the other science fictions describe the dangerous sides of science that can hurt and even kill human beings. Concerning this idea, Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the American writers of the mid-nineteenth century who writes about art and science. This paper will describe the sort of science that need to be interrogated and how is combined by comparing â€Å"Rappaccini’s daughter† and â€Å"The Birthmark† by the role of the scientists, Dr. Aylmer and Dr.†¦show more content†¦Aylmer tried to convince his wife with a plan that achieves her happiness by enjoying the perfect beauty. His gambles started when he was isolated with his wife in an apartment provided with a laborato ry. It was a symbol of his discoveries of the elemental power of nature. This time, Georgian was one of the elements Aylmer used to discover the physiological truth by his plan of removing his wife’s mark. As compared to Dr. Aylmer, Dr. Rappacini is also a skilled physician who makes a different scientific experiment on both human beings and plants. He is a famous doctor by which his name is heard as far as Naples. He makes a medication from strange plants like collecting the strange flowers in his garden. Signor Pietro Baglioni, one of the main characters of â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter† story, describes Doctor Rappaccini when he says: â€Å"Doctor Rappaccini has as much science as any member of the faculty--with perhaps one single exception--in Padua or all Italy. But there are certain grave objections to his professional character (Hawthrone 4). It means that Doctor Rappaccini is as far as he is a good scientist, he has some issues with his character. One of these issues, as Dr. Aylmer has, is his concentration on science more than mankind (4). He deals with his patients as if they are only experiments. He is ready to sacrifice any human life, himself or anyone dearest to him for adding anything possible to his knowledge. Giovani, who is another important character,Show MoreRelated`` The Birthmark `` And `` Rappaccini s Daughter ``1934 Words   |  8 PagesHawthorne s books are inspired and fascinate to read. They are full of science fiction and tail of fantasies. The female characters have to face many challenges in their lives due to their natures. The human morals and man ambition are clear in The Birthmark and Rappaccini s Daughter on which the two stories are similar in away. The two stories appear to be similar because innocence characters have to suffer. The hiding meanings are deep within each character and in each story. The two storiesRead MoreTragic flaw in Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Birthmark† Essay1201 Words   |   5 Pagesï » ¿ An expository essay: Tragic flaw in Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Birthmark† In literature a tragic flaw refers in plain words when the main character ends up dead or defeated a characteristic feature of the heroes of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short stories, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†, and â€Å"The Birthmark†. However this concept is even more extensive and best explained in terms of â€Å"Hamartia†. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica that word can be understood as an inherent defect

Human Resource Management Significant Role -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Human Resource Management Significant Role? Answer: Introduction The report presents a critical evaluation of the given case study. In the case study, a hospital organization does not consist a dedicated and passionate HR department and senior managers to operate the business effectively. Therefore, the same business and functions are operated by the CEO and finance managers. The report also explains the problems and challenges which are faced by the company. It also discusses the course of actions which should be recommended to improve the operation of this organization. On the other side, it explains the key features to develop the sustainable HR capabilities. It also explains the impact of other association in the same business which already consists the effective and sustainable HR department. The report also explains that how an organization develops and builds human resource management. Human resource management Human resource management is the process to manage the human resources. It is designed and planned by the HR department to maximize employees performance for the achievement of organizational goals and objectives. The HR department focuses various policies and system of the company so it plays a vital role in every organization. It is responsible for employees recruitment process, employees benefits, training and development, selection process and performance appraisal (Harzing Pinnington, 2010). The human resource department also evaluates and analyzes the productivity of the personnel. It maintains a link between employers and employees. This department is also responsible for implementation of policies, rules, and regulations. The human resource department deals all the issues related to compensation, safety, benefits, performance management, employees motivation and organization development. It also provides help and support to employees for their career planning and development. Now it can be said that an organization cannot survive the business without an effective human resource management (Kompaso Sridevi, 2010). Guidelines to improve and develop the HRM In the given case study, there are numerous challenges and problems faced by the hospital organization. Therefore various suggestions and recommendations can be given to the company for improvement and development of HRM. The first and foremost challenge is faced by the company in terms of unpredictable HR policies and practices by the middle and top management of the organization. In the case study, there is no dedicated HR department so the organization faces many problems and challenges like employees conflicts, staff shortage, and absenteeism. The CEO should take some steps to resolve all these consequences and challenges. The CEO and other senior managers should make written policies and strategies to solve all the problems and challenges of the employees (Gonzlez Guillen, 2008). The company should make rules and policies to resolve the grievances, staff shortage and absenteeism of workers. If the employees do not follow all these rules and policies then the company should impose a penalty on the employees. In this way, the organization can improve the performance of the employees and it can develop the effective human resource management in the company. CEO and senior managers should conduct training and development session for the employees. Motivation methods and retention strategies should be developed by the organization to encourage the workers for doing work effectively (Chivu Popescu, 2008). CEO should implement an effective incentive and compensation system for the employees. In such way, the organization can motivate and inspire the workers for improving their performance. The organization should also make policies for potential and competence employees. If an employee is doing good work then the organization should promote that employee. Promotions and appraisals provide satisfaction to employees and it can help to build the morale of the employees. The association should provide a good working environment to the employees. CEO should appoint a person who can find out the causes and problems which are rising in the organization. The senior managers should also improve the managerial and technical skills of the employees (Paauwe, 2009). Key attributes to develop and build a sustainable HR capability The sustainable human resource management plays a significant role in every organization to expand its business and trade. In the given case study, a sustainable human resource management is needed for solving all disputes and grievances. It provides a good framework and structure to the organization. Therefore the organization needs to make strategies to build a sustainable HR capability. Sustainability is an evolving and dynamic concept which is essential in human resource management. A sustainable HR capability maintains balance in the various factors such as social, environmental and cultural (Janssens Steyaert, 2009). Sustainable human resource management is the process of using tools of HR to create and maintain a workforce in the organization. It also includes all traits such as values, belief, skills, motivation, and trust. The key features to develop and build sustainable HR capabilities which are discussed as below. Training and compensation strategy: The organization should make a strategy for training and compensation of employees. It will provide knowledge to employees and information to employees for performing task and duties. This strategy also will help to improve the managerial skills of the employees. Recruitment and selection strategy: An organization must follow a valuable and effective recruitment and selection strategy. Through this strategy, the organization can recruit potential and competence employees for doing work in the organization and it can also help to build a sustainable human resource management (Ehnert, Harry Zink, 2013). Culture based strategy: This strategy provides support to employees to understand the culture of the organization. In an organization, people come from different background and culture so the culture based strategy plays a significant role in sustainable human resource management. Motivational strategy: It is a very effective strategy to build a sustainable human resource management in the organization. Therefore, the organization should build and develop the motivation and learning strategy for the employees. In such way, the company can improve the production efficiency of the employees. Performance appraisal strategy: The organization should make performance appraisal strategy to build a sustainable human resource capability. The company should provide appraisals and promotions to employees according to their performance (Jackson, Ones Dilchert, 2012). Knowledge and information based strategy: This strategy provides knowledge and information related to work and production. So it is an essential strategy to build a sustainable HR capability in an organization (Mandip, 2012). HR practices and strategies also include the money based strategy, service based strategy, and time-based strategy, financial and non-financial strategy. Now it can be assumed that sustainable HR practices and strategies play a significant role in organizational performance as well as HR function. Human resource management must provides support for the development and implementation of company sustainable strategy. HRM should provide the HR solutions for the sustainable capabilities. In the given case study, CEO and other senior managers should try to develop the sustainable human resource management in the organization (Bratton Gold, 2012). Conclusion The given case study talks about the human resource management issues and its impact on the organization. In this case study, CEO and other senior managers of the organization face many key challenges related to human resource management. Now it is concluded that CEO should provide the recommendations and suggestion to improve and develop the human resource management in the organization. On the other side, the company should develop and build sustainable HR capabilities in the organization. It should also develop and implement effective policies and procedures to develop and build the human resource management in the company. References Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Chivu, I., Popescu, D. (2008). Human resources management in the knowledge management.Revista Informatica Economica,48, 54-60. Ehnert, I., Harry, W., Zink, K. J. (Eds.). (2013).Sustainability and human resource management: Developing sustainable business organizations. Springer Science Business Media. Gonzlez, T. F., Guillen, M. (2008). Organizational commitment: A proposal for a wider ethical conceptualization of normative commitment.Journal of Business Ethics,78(3), 401-414. Harzing, A. W., Pinnington, A. (Eds.). (2010).International human resource management. Sage. Jackson, S. E., Ones, D. S., Dilchert, S. (2012).Managing human resources for environmental sustainability(Vol. 32). John Wiley Sons. Janssens, M., Steyaert, C. (2009). HRM and performance: A plea for reflexivity in HRM studies.Journal of Management Studies,46(1), 143-155. Kompaso, S. M., Sridevi, M. S. (2010). Employee engagement: The key to improving performance.International journal of business and management,5(12), 89. Mandip, G. (2012). Green HRM: People management commitment to environmental sustainability.Research Journal of Recent Sciences, ISSN,2277, 2502. Paauwe, J. (2009). HRM and performance: Achievements, methodological issues and prospects.Journal of Management studies,46(1), 129-142.

Platos Allegory Of Caves Essays - Platonism, Analogy, Allegory

Plato's Allegory Of Caves 1. Plato's Allegory of the Caves. 2. In Book VII of The Republic, Plato tells a story entitled The Allegory of the Caves. In this story he describes a dark underground cave where a group of people are sitting in one long row with their backs to the cave's entrance. Bound to their chairs since childhood, all the humans can see is the distant cave wall in front of them with shadows being displayed. Their view of reality is solely based upon this rather limited view of moving shadows. This is what is real to them. It is important to note that the prisoners do not realize that they are being held captive, since that existence is all they have ever known. 3. I think this is a great explanation for the truth being only mere images that are subject to be classified by our perception and intellect. I find Plato's allegory to be very easy to follow and to understand. It is a great example of the world being how we perceive it and how our view of reality can be bound and limited, and sometimes altered. We perceive things everyday, no matter where we are going or what we are doing, there's no way we can avoid it. Every thing we experience in life as a person is subjected to our own personal understanding of what those things are. Whether it be a human, plant, or animal, a concept or abstract thought-we categorize and identify with these things by associating them with what we know, what we've learned, and what and how we discern them to be. Now whether we limit ourselves personally on what we know as real is somewhat of an individual matter. We choose what we want to learn and what we don't want to learn. We do, and refuse to do, all sorts of things that could expand the knowledge of our environment and the rest of the world around us, and this, in turn, sets our own standards and limitations; creates our own personal cave so to speak. We create our own beliefs or follow others'-sometimes blindly, I might add. Our own distinguished personalities and upbringing would give way to structure and develop our individual They are oblivious to the truths of the outside world, save for the shadows dancing on the cave wall in front of them. Bibliography none Philosophy Essays