Entrepreneur Test

Which of the following is classified as an entrepreneur?A manager in a large corporation A financial manager in a small firm An owner-manager who bought out the founder of a firm A salaried technician in a rapidly-growing high-tech firmAttract more attention and make more headlines in the media. are not as important to the well-being of society. are highly visible. One glaring example of poor ethics practiced by small businesses in general is lack of pollution controls. untruthful labeling of products.  lack of loyalty to employees. fraudulent reporting of income and expenses for income tax purposes.Different types of small business ownership opportunities include all of the following except startups. bailouts. family businesses. franchises. The cost of a franchise may include royalty payments. high executive salaries. a one-time federal franchise tax. higher-than-usual labor costs. In a family business, the interests of the family and the interests of the business are best describ ed as overlapping. conflicting. coinciding. having no relationship with each other. Writing a business plan should be thought of as  the means to an end product. an ongoing process. an absolute essential to the startup of businesses. a mental exercise.A firm's marketing mix consists of _____ activities. pricing, promotion, and distribution product, pricing, and promotion product, promotion, and distribution product, pricing, promotion, and distribution A disadvantage of a sole proprietorship is the complexity of the organization the cost of starting the business. the lack of limits on personal liability. the difficulty of distribution. Which of the following is not an environmental condition affecting selection of a business location?CompetitionWeather and climate Laws and regulations Raw material availability Assets that are relatively liquid are classified as current assets. fixed assets. short-term assets. other assets. Typical venture capitalists invest approximately ____ of t heir investment in later-stage businesses. one-fourth one-half three-fourths nearly all Most customer service problems are identified by personal observation. outside consultants. customer complaints. entries in a suggestion box. In general, products that are consumed in fixed amounts have inelastic demand. constant demand. variable demand. elastic demand.Which of the following does not describe a method of determining promotional expenditures? Matching industry forecasts Spending as much as the competition What can be spared What it will take to do the job Marcia Mendez, who runs a drapery business, has groups of employees who work in production and in installation. If she decides to use work teams as part of her leadership approach, she must increase supervision. compensation. independence. quality. Which of the following is a legal basis for selecting employees? Gender Age Education Disabilities An inspection plan that judges products as acceptable or unacceptable, good or bad, i s known as  a 100 percent inspection plan. an attribute inspection. a variable inspection. an inspection sampling plan.The owner of a small manufacturing plant wants inspectors to check the width and length of a product (within specified tolerances) during the production process. This calls for an attribute inspection. a work sampling inspection. a 100 percent inspection plan. a variable inspection. An analysis of which of the following records facilitates maintenance of adequate stock levels? Accounts payable records Accounts receivable records Cash records Inventory records

Research Methods in Communication

This paper aims to analyze the function of international and intercultural communicating as indispensable constituents in educating and developing library and information staff. Based on a literature reappraisal, the paper discusses the significance and definition of internationalisation, and provides an overview of the chief issues and tendencies in internationalisation of higher instruction. It besides explains how the construct of and attacks to internationalisation hold greatly influenced library and information scientific discipline educational scenes and plans in Europe and the USA. The findings show that schools that already has or programs to supply exchange plans or international surveies should see international pupils and instructors as Windowss to the outside universe and new chances for personal and professional development of their local communities. Cebron, N. , Jablonkai, R. , & A ; Rados, L. ( 2005 ) . The cross-cultural concern communicating undertaking or working ICT to ease ICC. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 9 ( June ) . In this survey, the writers aim to analyze the elevation of intercultural consciousness in schoolroom and particularly pupils response. The analysis is based on a undertaking in which Business English acquisition has been carried out through assorted attacks in a series of practical workshops. 500 pupils, 18 instructors, 16 establishments from 10 different states participated in the web. The findings show that ICC is deriving attending in foreign linguistic communication instruction, and the internet is proved to helpful in actuating pupils and motivating bespoke instruction tools for pupils ‘ demands. It besides finds out that instructors function in civilization instruction should be reevaluated. Cheng, L. ( 2006 ) . On the earlierization of foreign linguistic communication larning. Journal of Linyi Teachers University, 28 ( 4 ) , 134-137 Detecting the fact that Chinese kids begin larning foreign linguistic communications from progressively younger age, the writer analyses the alteration of get downing age and attitudes toward earlieraization of larning foreign linguistic communications through 67 questionnaires from 2 groups of people of different ages. To reflect the position quo and the jobs of English acquisition among kindergartners, informations of English learning resources, textooks and category agreements were collected from 10 kindergartens. By comparing the get downing age of foreign linguistic communication acquisition in China and other states, and mentioning it to the major theories on optimum foreign linguistic communication larning age, the paper concludes that analyzing foreign linguistic communication in early age is neither empiricalyl nor theoretically supported. Cowley, P. , & A ; Hanna, B. E. ( 2005 ) . Cross-cultural accomplishments – Traversing the disciplinary divide. Language and Communication, 25 ( 1 ) , 1-17. The paper examines the differences in comprehending intercultural differences and its relationship to the schoolroom learning in two unites in ICC in Australian universities. It besides raises a figure of issues of relevancy to the instruction of civilization within aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"language courses.aa‚ ¬A? . The survey includes regular observation of and engagement in the hebdomadal categories in two units of pupils of different degrees and through analysing of the lineations and reading lists provided. The survey suggestes some ways of working available signifiers of cultural difference and some ways such as interdisciplinary attack to develop pupils to see themselves every bit good communicators. Gevorgyan, G. , & A ; Porter, L. V. ( 2008 ) . One size does non suit all: Culture and perceived importance of web design characteristics. Journal of Website Promotion, 3 ( 1-2 ) , 25-38. The survey assumes that harmonizing to Geert Hofstede ‘s theory of cultural dimensions, cyberspace users from different civilizations would value specific web design features otherwise. The hypotheses were tested by a study of American and Chinese college pupils ‘ perceptual experiences and penchant in certain characteristics in web sites. 67 American and 62 Chinese pupils participated in it. The consequences confirm the premise that cultural backgrounds influence perceptual experiences of web planing. On footing of this decision, it is suggested that seting cultural values in to net designing is an of import portion in website publicity. Holmes, P. ( 2005 ) . Cultural Chinese pupils ‘ communicating with cultural others in a New Zealand university. Communication Education, 54 ( 4 ) , 289-311 This interpretative survey explores the cultural Chinese pupils ‘ experiences in a New Zealand university schoolroom context. The survey was supported by realistic enquiry and 13 cultural Chinese pupils in a New Zealand concern school participated in the research. This survey finds that Chinese communicative form is a barrier to analyze in the new civilization and it was necessary for Chinese pupils to retrace and renegociate their communicating so as to accommodate to the new environment. It besides raises of import suggestions for pedagogues to acknowledge the importance of cross-cultural communicating and to seek to internationalising the schoolroom. Huntington, A. , & A ; Sudbery, J. ( 2005 ) . Virtual schoolrooms: Experiences of European collaborative instruction and acquisition. Social Work Education, 24 ( 3 ) , 363-371. In this survey, the writers briefly depict some constituents and characteristics of a ‘virtual schoolroom ‘ , reflecte on staff experience, and highlight some of import issues when utilizing ICT for societal work instruction. The analysis is based on two illustrations: the first one being a compulsory talk for self-selected pupils and coachs, and the 2nd one being a instance survey of four members in a household. The findings show that on the one manus, effectual ICT needs to be used decently to heighten pupil experience and results. On the other manus, to avoid negative impact, the bing structural inequality demands to be taken into consideration. Liao, C. ( 2005 ) . A incompatible survey of the pick of grounds in Chinese and English argumentative essays. Journal of Yunnan Normal University. 3 ( 3 ) , 55-59 In this survey, the writer aims to happen out the differences in the pick of grounds in Chinese and English persuasive Hagiographas and the nexus between the major ideas in both civilizations and the differences. By analyzing the exerts from authoritative plants of both linguistic communications, the survey shows that Chinese persuasive Hagiographas tend to value sentiments of famous persons and well-known beginnings while English authors consider common people ‘s illustrations and factual statistics more forceful, and these differences are significantly influenced by the â€Å" Rule of the Law † in traditional English civilization and â€Å" Rule by Morality † in traditional Chinese civilization. Martinovic, D. , & A ; Dlamini, S. N. ( 2009 ) . Is ‘good ‘ truly good? Researching internationally educated teacher campaigners ‘ verbal descriptions of their in-school experiences. Language Awareness, 18 ( 2 ) , 129-146. In this survey, the writers present an incident that shows teacher campaigners ‘ strategic ways of utilizing words like â€Å" good † and â€Å" all right † , to conceal true feelings in their instruction experience. The treatment is based on sections of informations collected from a seminar, a portion of a teacher instruction programme in a Canadian university. In the decision, the writers point out that associate instructors use this sort of linguistic communication to command instructor campaigners and forestall them from altering established norms and values, and teacher campaigners use them to support themselves against being controlled. Nakane, I. ( 2006 ) . Silence and niceness in intercultural communicating in university seminars. Journal of Pragmatics, 38 ( 11 ) , 1811-1835. This paper aims to explicate the phenomena that Asia pupils remain silence in foreign categories through comparing schoolroom behavior of pupils from Nipponese and Australian backgrounds. By utilizing participant interviews, schoolroom observation and elaborate discourse analysis, the writer suggests that the silence is normally used by Nipponese pupils to salvage face while Australian pupils tend to utilize verbal schemes for the same intent. It besides finds that Nipponese pupils ‘ extended usage of face-saving silences gives the teachers a negative feeling and is considered deficiency of resonance. However, it is besides pointed out that silence may be negotiated when they realize this state of affairs in schoolroom interaction. Ngwainmbi, E. K. ( 2004 ) . Communication in the Chinese schoolroom. Education, 125 ( 1 ) , 63-76. To analyze the correlativity between Chinese scholars and the American professors, who are believed to be incentives and wise mans, the survey uses a participant-observer attack in which a class unfastened to the populace is designed and pupils ‘s public presentation is recorded and analysed. It is found out that Chinese scholars runing in a formal environment have a critical head, and are more willing to interact on interesting subjects and in synergistic instruction manners, but they are likely to be selective when asked to notice on political issues. Tange, H. ( 2010 ) . Caught in the tower of Tower of Babel: University lectors ‘ experiences with internationalization. Language and Intercultural Communication, 10 ( 2 ) , 137-149. The paper shows that higher instruction organisations in Danmark are progressively internationalized presents. By carry oning a sum of 20 qualitative research interviews with lecture and administrative staff at three modules, the analysis emphasizes the necessity of their changing in learning mode and contents, and the challenges for lectors to move and interact in this multicultural acquisition and instruction environment. It is so suggested that establishments should pay more attending to the internationalisation of instruction, do more attempts to better their apprehension of it in order to supply comprehensive cognition and to work more expeditiously and efficaciously in a multicultural environment.. Wei, X. ( 2009 ) . On negative cultural transportation in communicating between Chinese and Americans. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 21 ( Oct ) . In this survey, the writer discusses negative cultural transportation in communicating between Chinese and Americans from two degrees: the negative transportation of surface-structure civilization such as linguistic communication signifiers and address Acts of the Apostless, and the one of deep-structure civilization in values, believing forms, spiritual beliefs and moralss. The writer examines some impressions characterized with cultural specialness and discusses their significances in inside informations. The findings shows the necessity of interrupting apart cultural stereotypes, of organizing sensitiveness to subtle differences in different civilizations, and of toleranting different attitudes toward aliens and certain communicative schemes. Xia, L. ( 2005 ) . Intercultural rhetorical surveies in argumentative discourse: English vs. Chinese. Retrieved from CNKI Academic Resources. This thesis aims to analyze both the similarities and unsimilarities of English and Chinese argumentative discourses. By closely analyzing 120 English and Chinese argumentative essays, this survey shows that Chinese inducer prefer Proverbs, analogies, and inductive logical thinking, as indicated in the preparation of ethical and logical entreaties in modern-day Chinese argumentative discourse. In contrast, Western ways of thought and accent on the values of freedom, democracy and individuality in modern-day American debate. Zeki, C. P. ( 2009 ) . The importance of non-verbal communicating in schoolroom direction. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1 ( 1 ) , 1443-1449. The purpose of this survey is to analyze studentsaa‚ ¬a„? apprehensions of gestural communicating in schoolroom environment. The research worker enrolled 67 junior university pupils into two schoolroom direction groups who are asked to compose studies harmonizing to the instructors instructions. Contented analysis is used to analyze the qualitative informations collected from the pupils ‘ studies. The findings reveal that non-verbal communicating can significantly actuate pupils, draw and maintain their attending. Therefore, it is recommended that instructors should be cognizant of the importance of gestural communicating and utilize it decently to accomplish a better schoolroom direction. ( Word count: 1765 ) The subject I would wish to discourse is the cultural challenges that international pupils would run into in foreign schoolroom and the suggestions for them and the instructors.

Appeals Against Assessment Decisions

Appeals against assessment decisions It is the intention of XXX that the assessment process will be transparent fair and just for all learners. All learners have the right to appeal against any assessment decision. Any learner may appeal against an assessment decision if they feel: * Unfairly treated * The assessment decision to be wrong or invalid * The assessment process to be unfair or wrongly carried out * The assessment or teaching methods to be inappropriate * The assessment process to be unreliable or inconsistent * The course work and content did not meet the course outlineA copy of this policy will be publicly displayed. A copy of this policy will be provided to all learners and discussed during induction. Written records will be kept of all appeals. At any stage any learner can seek the support of an advocate or friend to assist them to deal with their appeal. The stages of the process will follow: Stage 1. In the first instance concerns should be discussed with tutor. The tutor will reply to concerns within five working days. The concern will be given both verbally and in writing. Stage 2.If the concern is unresolved informally, the appeal or complaint can then be made in writing to the Programme Manager (Regional Volunteer Coordinator) at XXX. The appeal will be investigated, assessed and a decision will be given in writing within 14 days. Stage 3. If still not satisfied with the result of appeal a request for the appeal to be forwarded to an Appeals Committee will be granted. The committee will consist of the organisations Deputy Director, a member of the projects Steering Committee and another network member. The committee will respond to your appeal in writing within 4 weeks. The result of the Appeals Committee is final.

Prostitution and Surrogacy, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prostitution and Surrogacy, - Essay Example The role of religion in surrogate motherhood is best typified by the biblical scenario where barren Sarah (Abraham wife) arranged for Abraham and Hagar (Surrogate mother) to have a child. The surrogate role Hagar played made her proud and pompous to the extent of refusing to hand over the son she had born. Christian apologetic portend that "surrogacy is a personal decision between a couple and God. That God is the moral Arbiter in the universe, whose justification is exactly differentiated on what is immoral or moral". This factor afore mentioned deals with morality, enshrined in ones religion beliefs. The Vatican has condemned surrogacy including all other non conjugal reproductive arrangements as sinful. The Roman Catholic Church states that, this in defense of cardinal human values; implying the threat on the sanctity of the traditional family unit posed by a third party. The financing of a surrogacy to process is quite costly. However the factor that is debatable is the payment of dues to the gestational individuals. That from the onset one may pay to sleep (and sire a child) with a surrogate bring in the version of prostitution. The motive behind the payment made and accepted questions the ultimate goal. Whether it is for love or money The couple and the surrogate are encouraged to share information, to undergo successive therapies and medical checks. The unsettling factor is the probable loss of privacy. The exposure of ones personal details may leave one feeling uncomfortable and vulnerable. Pregnancy has its possible outcomes at birth in the form of miscarriages, multiple births, and serious disabilities. And there is always the risk that either the surrogate mother or the commissioning couple could have a change of mind. The legality of surrogacy Legislation is a measure with regulatory limits that has served in defining extents of surrogate motherhood. The law lacks uniformity in the application of the practice; however different federal jurisdictions distinguish between the concept of unpaid and unpaid surrogacy. The "altruistic" mode of surrogacy involves no payment for the service. On the other hand "commercial" surrogacy has the element of tribute payment. Altruistic surrogacy is, in many jurisdictions, unregulated. On the other hand punitive limits are placed on the commercial one. Advertising of surrogacy is prohibited, to reduce spread of practice. Surrogate contracts are unenforceable; hence surrogate mothers cannot relinquish custody of child to commissioning parents. The status of children Act, denies the bond between child and commissioning sperm donor while espousing the resulting offspring to be that of the surrogate mother and her husband (as legally bound). Successive lawmakers questioned talked of undesirable separation of roles, with a mother who sells her eggs, on who carries baby to term and the one to raise baby. Also most surrogate parents / couples were noted to be in search of specific quality refusing to accept disabled kids. Classic profiles are noted as driving point, with commissioning couples seeking positive eugenics. Surrogates are chosen due to the positive attributes the offer

Psychosocial Needs of Patients Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Psychosocial Needs of Patients - Essay Example This means the illness-associated events that create problem through the patient's perception and responses may lead to care needs of addressing unmet psychosocial needs in order to ensure healing. In this assignment, I will discuss and critically analyse a care incident delivered by me to a patient. I was assigned the care of the patient in my placement in a hospital ward. This assignment will frequently refer to this patient, whose identity will remain undisclosed throughout this work. Thus, this patient will be referred to anonymously, although to facilitate ease of discussion, a pseudonym, Mrs. Jennings, will be used to address her. This requirement of confidentiality and identity nondisclosure is an ethical requirement in healthcare associated professional and academic documentation as prescribed and required by NMC (Nursing and Midwifery Council) guidelines, competency standards, and practice ethical standpoints to respect the client confidentiality (NMC, 2008). As suggested this assignment would very closely examine the episode of care provided by me from the psychosocial angles, mainly to see if the care provided by me during her hospitalization took adequate care of t he psychological and social needs of this patient. These can be examined more closely from the policy perspectives of the need for adding psychosocial elements in care. Therefore, relevant policy will also be examined in order to justify conformity in practice. Definitions Haralambose and Holborn (2008) defined sociology to be a science involving study of human being in the context of society where impact of relevant economics, psychology, and demography is given due consideration in the endeavour to explain and understand the human behaviour in the societal scenario. From that point of view, sociology is a broad discipline where various methods of empirical investigations and critical analyses are deployed to define a body of knowledge and theory about human and social activities, with a goal often being application of such knowledge in the pursuit of social welfare (Haralambos and Holborn, 2008). On the other hand, psychology has been defined by Michael (1998) to be a discipline that studies mind and behaviour of individuals in different life contexts which also seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion and behaviour (Michael, 1998) in response to different experiences that they encounter. Main Body Psychological and social factors have been known to play important roles in initiation and progression of any disease process. As a care provider, the nurse must understand their nature and intensity. Since these are known to affect motivation, these will affect the outcome of care. Longstanding suffering or advanced illnesses disturb the psychosocial milieu sufficiently so the patient may be disturbed motivationally. These could cause psychological maladjustment and affect the course of the disease in a profoundly negative way. A thorough assessment of these situations and the factors is therefore necessary, and being in a position of provider of care the nurse must assess these factors keeping the

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Global warming - Research Paper Example While many people recognize and acknowledge that global warming is something that we should concern ourselves with, there are others still that believe the issue is either not that vital or that global warming is something that we can benefit from. However, given the rather drastic increase in the temperature of the earth, global warming is an event that should be taken seriously in the hopes of preventing drastic damage to our environment and our lives. History of Global Warming The premise for global warming dates back to the 1800s, when it was noted that, due to the first Industrial Revolution, the coal, railroad, and land clearing prompted greenhouse gas emissions to speed up (Weart 29). It was noted at the time of the second Industrial Revolution that electricity, public health, and fertilizers further accelerated the greenhouse gases. It was revealed the various ways in which the earth’s temperature was changing in relation to certain events or situations, such as wars o r population growth. It was not until the late 1990s that it was discovered that the changing of the temperature was changing rapidly throughout the world and fears began to grow about what global warming was capable of doing. In 2009, it had been announced that global warming was moving at a faster pace. ... Pros of Global Warming Many people believe that global warming can be beneficial to humanity and should be embraced, not feared. One of the examples as to how global warming can be beneficial is that some of the frozen regions of the earth, such as Arctic, Antarctic, and Siberia have the possibility of experiencing plant growth and milder climates (Houghton 94). This could also hold true for other places throughout the world that may be too cold for plant growth, which could aid in the issues of hunger in some of the third world countries. Similarly, the agriculture seasons would be much longer, allowing for increased production, thus aiding and boosting the economy. If the weather were warmer more often, there would be fewer injuries and deaths due to the cold. This could be especially helpful to people that live rather exposed in colder climates. It would also take less energy consumption to make colder places warmer, which would help the country with the ever-growing concerns of f inite resources. Though many of these sound like welcome changes to the way the world is now, they have their downfalls, thus turning down the potential benefits of global warming. The frozen regions of the world were not meant to have plant or agricultural growth, and this could prove to have repercussions on the ecosystem. An increase in agricultural bounty would be useful, but overproduction would not be useful. Finally, though warmer weather may mean fewer deaths due to cold weather, there could be an increase in deaths due to warmer weather if things get too hot for people. Cons of Global Warming Perhaps unsurprisingly, the cons of global warming greatly outweigh the pros. The greatest consequence we could see due to global warming is further complications with

Diabetes type 2 treatment and prevention Research Paper

Diabetes type 2 treatment and prevention - Research Paper Example 2011). This brings us to the question; what is diabetes? Bethesda, M. (2008) describes diabetes as a disorder that affects the way the body utilizes digested food for energy and growth. Candib, L. (2007) says that biological factors contribute to the offspring chances of getting diabetes. Tuomilehto, et al (2011) says that the good news is that diabetes may be prevented despite it being a hereditary disease, evidence proves that diabetes may be delayed or prevented in persons at high risk (those with impaired glucose regulation). Clinical research has proved that those at risk of developing diabetes have a 50% chance of not developing it provided they follow a healthy lifestyle; this includes a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy body weight and increasing the level of physical activity. Frank, B. (2011) suggests that obesity and overweight are the leading contributors to diabetes. He says that the majority of adults in the developing countries is affected the most. Tuomilehto, et al, (2011) suggests that obesity can be prevented or reduced by encouraging people to do physical exercise, improving on their eating habits; this may be achieved by eating smaller portions and choosing healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables and by eating boiled foods that have less cholesterol and change of lifestyle;. He further suggests the following as ways of preventing obesity; change of family eating habits and activities rather than focusing on weight reduction. Parents should act as role models for their children; they may do this by eating healthy and increasing their level of physical exercise Bethesda, M. (2008) says that in addition to being obese and overweight the age of above 45 years is also a risk factor for developing diabetes. He further suggests those with the age of above 45 years should go for regular medical checkups, which should be repeated at least every 3

The Future of Shipping Industry Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Future of Shipping Industry - Article Example The decline in the overall demand from developed countries such as US and UK is forcing many developing and emerging countries to look for local demand, and as such, there is very little demand being generated internationally as suppliers from countries like China is finding it difficult to sell their products in international market. (Wade). Until most recently, the industry was facing an uphill task of meeting the expenses because of increase in oil prices. Due to the lack of fuel efficiency, many shipping companies found it difficult to manage their costs as the consistent increase in oil prices was seen as one of the greatest threats to the short-term viability of the industry. (Vidal). Considering this fundamental challenge, environment specialists like Vidal conclude that the future of shipping industry would largely depend upon how the industry adapts to the biofuel technology as the industry does not only have to withstand increasing costs but also have to face the increasing criticism for its involvement in polluting environment. It has also been argued that the ship designing is largely based on existing regulations which need to be fulfilled before a ship can be rolled over for the commercial purpose. Due to complacent nature of such regulations, it is often felt that the chip makers, as well as shipping industry, have to face the wrath of industry dynamics which are not allowing them to be more competitive. As such the future of shipping industry is largely based on the changes to be made into the relevant regulations in order to make it more competitive and sustainable. It is also important to note that due to increased awareness of the consumers and emergence of so-called â€Å"ethical consumers† demands that the supply chain of the international organizations shall be ethical in its orientation. However, the absence of any such concepts in other parts of the world may not lead to the development of community shipping and as such due to a diversity of the suppliers and buyers; shipping industry may not make a transition to community shipping until regional economic clusters are developed.

Corporate Finance Case (MBA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate Finance Case (MBA) - Essay Example Thus, this value net of taxes is added on the eight year cash flow. Lastly, the cash flows are discounted using 16% cost of capital and are added up to come up with the NPV. b. Since the decision criterion of the company is to accept projects whose payback periods are within six years, this project is viewed to have a good profit potential. Investment decision is to accept the project. c. Different from the simple payback period, the discounted payback requires the cash flows to be discounted. Thus, it is expected that the discounted payback period is longer than the simple one. In this case, the discounted payback is 5.43 years. 3. Two of the conceptual weaknesses of the payback period are the following: inability to recognize the time-value of money by treating each dollar inflow as the same whether they are generated earlier or later in the projects life and its lack of recognition for the cash inflows after the initial investment is recouped. These flaws of the payback period make it inferior to other capital budgeting techniques. For example, because it does not discount cash flow, it is not realistic to use since we know that the value of money depreciates over time. Also, it becomes misleading when assessing projects which have lower cash flows in the early project life and large ones in its later years. The payback period almost always favor projects where the investment can

Summary of us vs morris 928 F .2d 504 (2d cir 1991) Essay

Summary of us vs morris 928 F .2d 504 (2d cir 1991) - Essay Example According to the appellant, the most that he could have been guilty of was exceeding his authorized access, a far less serious offence (US vs Morris 1991). Affirming the lower court’s conviction, the appellate court examined the legislative history of the 1986 Act. The 1986 amends a previous 1984 legislative provision which called for prosecution of persons who knowingly gained unauthorized access to federal interest computers and caused damages and prevented authorized use of the computer. The appellate court felt that the reason for the change from knowingly to intentionally was to ensure that persons who carelessly, mistakenly, or inadvertently gained unauthorized access to federal interest computers would not be caught by the act. Moreover, the mens rea of knowingly might not be appropriate in cases where computer technology was involved (US vs Morris 1991). However, the appellate court did not feel that the legislative intent to preclude inadvertent, mistaken and careless access to federal interest computers from criminal prosecutions in an appropriate case.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 115

Case Study Example Considering Jon was not totally on board with holding the meeting at Monte Sereno, giving in to a rate of $99, a complementary cocktail fair, and a free conference service is too much for a simple hotel representative. To negotiate each of Jon’s demands further and end with a win-win conclusion, Julia can comprehend Jon’s primary interests or concerns. At the beginning, Julia had simply prepared for questions about the $1,000 conferencing service and $110 hotel rooms, which she gets from regular customers on a virtually everyday basis. With Jon, Julia has to see the bigger picture by investigating with Jon’s staff or simply asking him directly about the benefits of a complementary cocktail fair when the meeting will end in a week. If anything, the cocktail should come at the end of their stay at the hotel and not at the beginning. This is an example of how important knowing a client’s primary interests furthers negotiations progresses (Lazer,

Our Moral Responsibility to Provide Monetary Aid to Pakistani Villagers Essay Example for Free

Our Moral Responsibility to Provide Monetary Aid to Pakistani Villagers Essay In this essay, I will argue that the theory of Utilitarianism presents resilient, compelling arguments that exemplifies why we have a moral obligation to donate money to help the Pakistani villagers affected by recent floods. Though the argument put forth by Ethical Egoists in favor of donating money to the Pakistanis is convincing, it lacks the quantitative validation that Utilitarianism provides. The Perspective of an Ethical Egoist Ethical Egoism is a consequentialist moral theory that says each person ought to pursue his or her own self-interest exclusively (EMP 69). A person’s only moral duty is to do what is best for him or herself, and he or she helps others only if the act [of helping] benefits the individual in some way (EMP 63). On the surface, it appears that it is not in a person’s best self-interests to donate money to help villagers in Pakistan. The giver experiences monetary loss and the diminution of personal financial wealth, and expends time, energy, and effort in the donation-transaction process. He or she receives neither public acknowledgement nor donor recognition. There are, however, intangible benefits that the giver may reap as a result of his or her deed, such as the satisfaction that he or she receives from giving monetary aid to the Pakistanis or the happiness that he or she experiences for acting in accordance with his or her values. It is in the giver’s self-interest and, therefore, his or her moral duty to give monetary aid to those plagued by the Pakistan floods. The facts that an Ethical Egoist would consider to be important are the consequences to him or herself because Ethical Egoism is a consequentialist moral theory that revolves around the self. Consequentialism contends that the right thing to do is determined by the consequences brought about from it (Class Notes, 10/05/2010). In this case, the morally relevant facts that the Ethical Egoist is primarily concerned with are the intangible benefits and advantages that he or she would receive from giving. The Ethical Egoist would also consider the actual and implicit costs of giving aid, as they are consequences brought about from helping the Pakistani villagers. The argument put forth by Ethical Egoism is good because it is compatible with commonsense morality. To reiterate, Ethical Egoism says that â€Å"all duties are ultimately derived from the one fundamental principle of self-interest† (EMP 73). According to Hobbes, this theory leads to the Golden Rule, which states that â€Å"we should ‘do unto others’ because if we do, others will be more likely to ‘do unto us’† (EMP 74). In this case, if we do not give to others, other people will not give to us. Thus, it is to our advantage to give to others. The Utilitarian Argument Classical, or Act, Utilitarianism maintains that the morally right act is the one that yields maximum happiness for all sentient beings impartially. Utilitarianism requires us to consider the general welfare of society and the interests of other people. Giving money to help the villagers in Pakistan generates positive consequences and diminishes the negative effects of the floods. Specifically, donations for disaster relief results in the availability of medicines to treat sicknesses, the provision and distribution of cooked meals, hygiene kits, and clothing, and the reconstruction and restoration of homes and schools. In short, giving money relieves great suffering of the flood-affected Pakistanis, enhances the balance of happiness over misery, and endorses the maximum and greater good of society. Therefore, the morally right thing to do is to donate money to help the Pakistani villagers. Similar to Ethical Egoism, Utilitarianism is a consequentialist moral theory, though this theory is concerned with the greater good of society. Therefore, the morally relevant facts for a Utilitarian are the consequences to all people impartially. In this case, they include the circulation of food, clothing, medicines, and the restoration of villages. Providing monetary aid ultimately produces the greatest balance of happiness over unhappiness for society. The Utilitarian argument for donating money is good because it provides calculable validation. In other words, the utility of the receivers is quantifiable and tangible (number of meals, hygiene kits, water tanks provided, number of homes rebuilt, etc. ). This tangibility clearly illustrates that the utility of the receiver exceeds the marginal cost to the giver and produces the greatest amount of happiness over unhappiness. Why the Utilitarian Argument is Stronger There is an epistemic problem that weakens the argument given by the Ethical Egoist. We do not know precisely what the consequences will be. We expect that the intangible benefits include self-satisfaction, enjoyment of giving, and happiness from providing financial aid, and we estimate that the costs consist of the actual donation payment and all related opportunity costs; however, we do not know exactly what the consequences will be and the extent of the results. It is, thus, difficult to gauge whether donating to charity is actually in the giver’s best self-interest exclusively because the associated costs may be very great (the giver may end up poorer or the donation-transaction process may be stressful; both situations would not be to his or her advantage). The immeasurability and intangibility of the benefits also weakens the argument. Ayn Rand, an Ethical Egoist, responds to this objection and asserts that it is completely moral and permissible to offer aid to others even when one does not anticipate any tangible return; â€Å"personal reasons for offering aid—reasons consistent with one’s values and one’s pursuit of one’s own life—are sufficient to justify the act† (Gordon Shannon, 10/16/2010). Rand says that personal reasons, such as values and pursuit of a flourishing life, are adequate to justify the act. We run, however, into a problem: just because we have a moral justification to give aid, does it mean we are morally required to give aid? Rand provides a moral justification, but not a moral mandate; this makes the argument put forth by Ethical Egoism weak. While Ethical Egoism provides a convincing argument and response to the objection, the Utilitarian argument is stronger because it buffers against the epistemic problem and provides quantitative, calculable validation. The problem of epistemology does not apply to or weaken the Utilitarian argument because we know what the consequences will be, based on present initiatives. Plan UK has provided cooked meals to over 250,000 people, shelter for 230,000, water tanks, hygiene kits, and medicines for thousands of families (Plan UK). We know how the money will benefit the Pakistani villagers and we can quantify the amount of happiness and good that entails the act of giving aid to others. To summarize: Ethical Egoism says that we ought to pursue our own self-interests exclusively. The morally right act is the one that benefits the self. There is, however, an epistemic problem. We do not know what the consequences will be or the extent of these outcomes. Donating to charity may not benefit the self. Utilitarianism, however, avoids the problem of epistemology and immeasurability. Therefore, Utilitarianism is the stronger argument. Conclusion In this paper, I have presented the theories of Ethical Egoism and Utilitarianism, delved into the morally relevant facts, and reflected on why each argument is good. I illustrated why Utilitarianism is stronger by appealing to a weakness of Ethical Egoism. Thus, the Utilitarian perspective that we have a moral duty to donate money to help Pakistani villagers is a better argument.

Influence of Globalisation on Culture

Influence of Globalisation on Culture David Stephens To what extent is globalisation an enhancer of culture? Culture is a way of life unique to a certain set of people; cultures are usually national but can also be present in local communities and on an international scale. Often the term ‘culture’ is misunderstood. To some it may mean traditions that have been passed down through generations but to others it can represent simpler things such as the area they live in or even the language they speak. Culture in itself is not easily defined because of its ever fluctuating nature. No two cultures are identical but some are more similar than others. Globalisation is a term used to decide the many ways in which people and places are becoming ever more closely linked[1]. Globalisation has had a massive effect on culture both historically and in recent times. New cultures deep in the heart of India and South America are being contacted, opening up a huge range of potential investigations. While on a less dramatic scale the trading world between different cultures has become hugely imp ortant and is aided greatly by how easy it has become to trade on a global scale now thanks to leaps forward in technology, transport and communication (see table 1). Trade is often interpreted as the exchange of goods but it can also facilitate the interconnections between cultures. This is evidently present in how many American companies have moved workers into the Far East to places such as India or Vietnam. What has increased Globalisation How has it affected Globalisation Technology Technology is often linked to the advances in medical technology shared between countries. Nowadays we have world leading physicians from all corners of the globe collaborating on projects to aid medical treatments. This allows exchange of local culture and ideas for the benefit of the majority. Transport We have been blessed with larger ships, cheaper air travel, high speed trains and more airports. This has come to the forefront of modern day lives with more and more families travelling overseas to immerse themselves in other cultures. For example in Spain, which is a popular holiday resort has been bombarded by ‘Brits’ abroad. Places such as Menorca and even cultural hubs such Barcelona which I have visited recently has evidence of home nation culture such as Irish bars and traditional English Fish and Chip shops. Is this eroding or extending culture – I guess it depends upon your perspective! Communication Communication usually in the form of mobile phones and internet gives us such easy access to communicate with people anywhere on earth. This has improved sales as products can be ordered and delivered around the globe which ties in with the transport aspect of global perspectives. Locally, businesses can expand and distribute products beyond the locality, which is good for both the consumer and the business itself. Though I have been talking about how globalisation has affected our ability to communicate with other cultures in recent times, it has been around for a long, long time. When Christopher Columbus set sail in search of Asia[2] and discovered the West Indies and made the civilised world aware of the Americas, he participated in the globalisation of the cultures of the indigenous people on the islands as he made the world aware of their existence for the first time in their history. This was obviously a huge leap forward for globalisation as it set off a chain of events that would eventually end in America being one of the biggest economies for trade and best educational facilitating countries in the entire world. Culture and globalisation are two very contrasting ideas. A culture new to the idea of globalisation may be worried about whether its way of life will stay sacred and individual to them if the rest of the world has access to it.[3] This is a very legitimate fear and can very easily be construed as an invasion of privacy. Although when looked at from a more international perspective you can see that you can learn from other cultures. Very similarly to the development of language, a way of life can be studied and can often add to your own culture as many medieval countries did to provide the languages we speak in the present day. The main cause of globalisation is the ‘western’ world attempting to spread their culture into different corners of the earth. A great example of this is the coffee chain ‘Starbucks.’ Starbucks was founded in 1971, gaining mainstream success around 1991. Since then it has had exponential success with over 20,000 shops worldwide.[4] It is now a firm stalwart of the American Culture. Though Starbucks itself has not always been part of the culture we know today there have always been coffee houses in popular culture although they were initially confined to the USA. Starbucks has introduced a whole new ‘coffee-house’ concept by becoming a multi-national company. Originally just an American chain it has spread rapidly, becoming popular in Britain and is becoming a growing phenomenon in South America.[5] This may be both a problem and an advantage for these countries, for example Peru is one of the South American countries being affected by the so cal led ‘Westernisation.’ It has a 9% unemployment figure (almost one million eligible people out of a job).[6] The opening of new American and British chain stores will provide much needed jobs that will boost their economy as well as providing a stable income for them and their people. On the other hand much small business owners would be ousted by the competitive pricing from these big profit organisations setting up franchises in some Peruvian cities. Traditionally Peru has been famous for incorporating many small businesses into urban areas and Starbucks would be potentially devastating for some of these places. Peru is a nation with many young dependents, indeed 29.1% of the population aged between 0-14 years[7]. This may mean that more jobs available in a stable working environment may not be so bad for the young work force in South America. When more young people are in employment more money is pumped into the economy, which enables the country to safeguard and pres erve it’s own culture such as traditional shops and the upkeep of nationally important monuments. But is globalisation inevitable and perhaps instead of safeguarding our cultures we should accept it and take whatever positives it may bring. [8] This quote from Kofi Annan outlines the view that however hard you fight it, globalisation will always present itself to you using the analogy of gravity. Perhaps this can be linked to the fight that several rural cultures in India and South America are having to avoid any contact with civilization[9]. It may show that perhaps instead of wasting energy fighting a losing battle they should embrace the change. We can help them understand useful medical techniques and educational strategies while they may help us understand their culture and learn their own unique ways of dealing with things such as medical emergencies. On a national scale (UK) and at a more local perspective it is clear that there is an ever larger influence of Polish born immigrants affecting my local area. This is shown to great extent by this graph: [10] This shows how the population of Polish born immigrants living in the UK has swelled massively from under 100,000 in 2001 to over half a million in 2010. This has been analysed in part by a report by Ian Duncan Smith in a report (February 2013). It shows some surprising results. It states that immigrants from other nations such as Romania and Bulgaria will have nines times more money in England on a minimum wage of  £543 to take home to an average family of two children every week compared with  £62 back home. Of course living costs will be a lot less in some of these Eastern European countries compared with Britain. It is also said in the report that these immigrants from Eastern Europe will have twice the ‘economic incentives’ of the Polish immigrants.[11] This is quite a daunting figure as we can see how much success Polish immigrants are having in the UK, this may encourage more and more workers from Eastern Europe to find a better life here.The reason I find thi s daunting is because of the population figure that has been forecast. It suggests that up to 250,000 Romanian and Russian immigrants could move to the country in the next 5 years.10 While it is also forecast that the population of Britain could grow by more than 10 million in the next 25 years.[12] With resources and services stretched to breaking point as it is another 10 million extra people in the country may not be best for our future. Of course, globalistation results in positive diversity in local commmunities but may cause services to be stretched, resulting in potential animosity between existing residents and new arrivals. To understand a broader picture of the affect of globalistaion on culture we have to look at a national scale example. The country in my opinion that has been changed most dramastically by globalistaion in recent years must be The United Arab Emirates. [13] This is a stark contrast from 23 years ago to 5 years ago. After being established in the 18th century as a small fishing village it began to expand after the discovery of oil in the area.[14] Globalisation put UAE firmly on the map, moreso given the importance of oil to almost all developed nations. But what do people think about this? A young man studying in Canada that was born and brought up in the UAE has noticed that social values that play a huge part of modern society in the west are nothing like those in the UAE.[15] This is surprising as the globalistaion shown in the UAE is heavily influenced by the west so one would expect the social values such as letting someone with right of way pass in the street would also be passed into UAE culture so obviously globalisation has not affected every aspect of life in Dubai and the UAE. Table 2 below considers the future ‘what –if scenarios of globalisation Table 2: Globalisation defeats nationalism†¦ But what would happen if globalisation sped up and defeated nationalism to provide us with a completely globalised society? Could we live like that or is nationalism too important to our society? Well according to Gary Abate of TED discussions â€Å"it is not geographical borders that are the problem, but the borders within ourselves,† this though very philosophical is no answer to the question posed. Perhaps he is trying to imply that if there was only one country and culture there would still be divides and it isn’t necessarily nationalism to their country but nationalism to culture and if globalisation took over and we lived completely globalised we would still want to have our own culture. Although perhaps another interpretation of a globalised community is not a community with one culture but many more than a single global entity. This would be completely different in the way that each community would fight to defend their culture and that may cause many disagreeme nts. Globalistaion loses momentum†¦ What would happen if globalisation was to cease or at least lost the momentum it is carrying at the moment? Well some may agree that to stop globalisation is a near impossible task and if it was to happen it would mean larger powers such as the USA would lose both a lot of business but also a lot of workers, this is because many of the workers that many large US companies use are situated in less wealthy companies which means they can work for a fraction of the price that a US worker may demand. On the more positive side it would make countries invest further into their own economies and help the less fortunate of their own culture by providing more jobs internally to the country. While also a focus may have to be put on technology to do the jobs in factories that may otherwise be outsourced to a different country so hopefully technology would take further leaps forward in terms of development. Globalisation gathers momentum†¦ Another major scenario that would change the dynamic of culture is if globalistaion gathered greater momentum. This may cause countries to forget their own cultural identity as they spread further and faster across the globe. A quite major example of this is the football club Cardiff City. In 2012 owner Vincent Tan decided to change the colour of the clubs home shirt from blue to red. The club had played in a blue kit for 104 years prior to the change, this angered many fans as it was seen as a marketing ploy to appeal to fans in Malaysia (Tan’s home nation). This shows an example of an individual showing the view that to globalise as much as possible is more important than serving the preservation of culture. But can our cultures be preserved, should they be? In a world of ever growing globalisation we have to find more and more ways to preserve our culture. Obviously there are aspects of ever culture that should be preserved, for example the way in the UK they remember the fallen heroes of war every November 11th and in the USA on the anniversary of one of their greatest national tragedies 9/11 they remember and honour. On a lighter note festivals such as China’s New Year’s celebrations are a thing definitely worth preserving. But should all cultures be preserved? Should uncontacted tribes still stay away from civilistaion or should they step into the new world? New advances in the world may aid them greatly but also may be too intimidating and would be incredibly derogatory to their development. Globalisation may harm the development of some un-touched civilisations by introducing them to the new danger of world affairs and in some cases ignoring the on-rushing tide of glo balisation and leaving these civilisations and other countries in the world to their own devices is sometimes a larger step towards preserving culture than presenting it all over the globe could ever be. If your culture such as Ireland’s famous bars are now scattered all over the globe can they be construed as your culture any longer or have you lost that national identity to globalisation? My final thought is this; though globalistion can help with exploring the great depth and wonder of the world, being conservative in where you ship your culture to is the greatest tool of preservation. BIBLIOGRAPHY Edexcel AS Geography Textbook page 88 , Publisher Phillip Allan Updates in the year 2008, A collective works by Sue Warn, Cameron Dunn, David Holmes, Bob Hordern, Simon Oakes and Michael Witherick. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus#Quest_for_Asia http://www.buzzle.com/articles/culture-and-globalization.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks http://www.stateofnature.org/?p=6292 http://www.limaeasy.com/peru-info/important-facts-and-figures-about-peru http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/study/humanities/globalisation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncontacted_peoples http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/migration-statistics-quarterly-report/august-2011/polish-people-in-the-uk.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/9877851/Bulgarian-and-Romanian-workers-nine-times-better-off-in-UK.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/10429901/Migrants-add-5.8m-to-bulging-Britain.html https://p1.dntrck.com/tr?id=c3d70bba1eace8af05025b74ea8901ccae4a0fb1.r http://www.colorcoat-online.com/blog/index.php/2011/08/same-place-different-years/ http://www.7daysindubai.com/People-Dubai-disappointment/story-19775407-detail/story.html http://www.ted.com/conversations/7931/can_we_abolish_nationalism_and.html 1981 words excluding tables, headings and subtitles [1] Edexcel AS Geography Textbook page 88 , Publisher Phillip Allan Updates in the year 2008, A collective works by Sue Warn, Cameron Dunn, David Holmes, Bob Hordern, Simon Oakes and Michael Witherick. [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus#Quest_for_Asia [3] http://www.buzzle.com/articles/culture-and-globalization.html [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks [5] http://www.stateofnature.org/?p=6292 [6] http://www.limaeasy.com/peru-info/important-facts-and-figures-about-peru [7] http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=PERU [8] http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/study/humanities/globalisation [9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncontacted_peoples [10] http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/migration-statistics-quarterly-report/august-2011/polish-people-in-the-uk.html [11] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/9877851/Bulgarian-and-Romanian-workers-nine-times-better-off-in-UK.html [12] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/10429901/Migrants-add-5.8m-to-bulging-Britain.html [13] https://p1.dntrck.com/tr?id=c3d70bba1eace8af05025b74ea8901ccae4a0fb1.r [14] http://www.colorcoat-online.com/blog/index.php/2011/08/same-place-different-years/ [15] http://www.7daysindubai.com/People-Dubai-disappointment/story-19775407-detail/story.html

Depression and suicide attempt

Depression and suicide attempt Suicide is the most destructive behavior of human. There are many risk factors that make people commit suicide. Some are biological that genetic and neurotransmitters may play a role in risk for suicide. Some are clinical that mental disorders, particularly mood disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and certain personality disorders contribute to suicidal behaviors. Some are psychosocial that lack of social support and sense of isolation also increase the risk of suicide (Suicide Prevention Resource Center, n.d.). These factors are important to understand why people have suicidal behaviors. For example, the suicides in Hong Kong can be explained by clinical and psychosocial factors which range from psychiatric illness and a history of past suicide attempt to unemployment and the absence of social support (Shuiyuan et al., 2006). Among different risk factors, major depression is a significant one that it is both the strongest risk factors for attempted suicide in adults and yout hs. People suffered from depression are at a greater potential to attempt suicide. Lets define depression for the purposes of subsequent discussion. It is the most common mental disorder. Clinical depression is generally acknowledged to be more serious than just sadness or normal depressed feelings. It is characterized by a severely depressed mood that persists at least two weeks, with at least five defining features (Robert, James Susan, 1996). For example, people with depression may experience a lack of interest and pleasure in daily activities, significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or excessive sleeping, lack of energy, etc. The depressed mood often leads to constant negative thinking and sometimes substance abuse. Extreme depression can culminate in its sufferers attempting or recurrent thoughts of death and committing suicide. The increased risk of suicide by depression is caused by its association with suicidal ideation. This depression-suicidal ideation link has been documented in research studies conducted with Asian adolescents. In a study of Korean high school students (Rebecca Vivien, 2006), depression was found to be the strongest and most consistent predictor of suicidal behaviors. Students who had high scores on depression were 5.31 times more likely to report suicidal ideas and 3.19 times more likely to attempt suicide, as compared to those with low scores. It shows that depressed people have a higher chance to think about suicide whether or not they intend to act on these thoughts. The risky people to commit suicide, however, are not those who are severely depressed because they often do not have the energy to harm themselves. It is when their depression lifts and they gain increased energy that they may be more likely to attempt suicide. Nevertheless, the link between depression and suicide attempt is not solely a direct causal relationship, but in fact, it is a complication of depressive illness in combination with other risk factors to trigger the suicide attempt. To begin with, stressful life events combined with depression may lead to suicide. Those stressful events often precede a suicide attempt. They may include death of a relative, breakup, loss of a job, etc. They are rarely a sufficient cause of suicide, but they often act as precipitating factors in young people (PreventionLane, .n.d.). On the other hand, sociodemographic factors are often associated with depression. The combination of them brings about suicide attempt. For example, females are strongly associated with depression that they are more predisposed to depression compared to males. Females are also strongly related to suicide attempt that they are more likely to attempt suicide than males that there are three female attempts for each male attempt (Chris, 2010). Intriguingly, it shows that gender, as a sociodemographic factor, has influences on depression and suicide attempt as well. In other words, it is the antecedent that triggers the happening of depression and suicide attempt. The effect of gender on depression and suicide attempt may stem from gender stereotypes and identity roles (Christina, 2004). There are different social expectations for males and females that females are encouraged to express their feelings while males are not, hence increase the chances of depression being triggered by social factors, such as loss of friends. So females are more likely to suffer from depression, which in turn, lead to subsequent suicide attempt. Besides gender, age also has a significant relationship with depression and suicide attempt. People in two age groups are more vulnerable to depression and suicide attempt which are adolescent and elderly respectively. Their risks of suicide are very high, especially the adolescent. Suicide of adolescent has become a global issue that they are now the group at highest risk in a third of countries, in both developed and developing countries (World Health Organization, n.d.). While in Hong Kong, the trend of adolescent suicide is on the rise in recent years with an average annual growth of 10%, while the first 8 months in 2010, youth suicide figures have been comparable with the 2009 full year figures. So far this year, there were 26 young people under 25 years old committed suicide cases and 30 cases of suicide attempt were rescued (The Samaritan Befrienders Hong Kong, 2010). For the suicide attempt of adolescents, depression is the major risk factor. There are a couple of reasons why adolescents develop depression. It can be family problem because they dont have a good relationship with the parents. It may be a reaction to a disturbing event, such as a breakup with a boyfriend or girlfriend or failure at school. There is also a personality predisposition to depression. Adolescents who have low self-esteem and feel little sense of control over negative events are particularly at risk to become depressed when they experience stressful events. There are some more sociodemographic characteristics that are potential risk factors for depression and suicidal attempt, such as marital status, sexual orientation and employment status. Divorced people, homosexuals and unemployed people are both found to be strongly linked to depression and suicide. These factors, combined with gender and age are crucial to understand the problem of suicide deeply and find out the kind of people who are vulnerable to suicide attempt From another perspective, comorbid disorders in depression are also associated with suicide attempt. In one study investigating comorbid disorder in depression (James et al., 2010), specific comorbid anxiety, personality, and substance use disorders are found to be strongly associated with suicide attempt. For anxiety disorder, it is panic disorder comorbidity in depression to have a threefold increase of suicide attempt when compared to depression without panic disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder is another comorbidity that associated with suicide attempt. Moreover, personality disorder comorbidity in depression also highlights the risk of suicide attempt. Borderline avoidant, paranoid, and schizoid personality disorders comorbid with depression are all associated with higher rates of suicide attempt. Especially borderline personality disorder, it increased the odds of suicide attempt by seven times. Among the comorbid disorders in depression, substance use disorders are worthy for further discussion because it is the most common comorbidity in depression. People turn to drugs to help them feel better when they feel depressed and overwhelmed with life. It is a way of self-medicating which can lead to substance abuse. The chemical balance in the brain of the people will be affected by substance abuse, intensifying feelings of depression and sadness (Suicide Awareness Voices of Education. n.d.). It will wind up as a vicious circle that substance abuse leads to increasingly severe depression. The depressed mood contributes to suicidal thoughts and suicidal attempt. Therefore, substance abuse disorder comorbidity in depression is indeed a high risk factor for suicide attempt. After depressed people resort to substance abuse, their odds of suicide attempt will increase over time because they will become more depressed. Last but not the least, a history of past suicidal ideation and previous suicide attempts are also strong risk factors for suicide attempts. They are one of the most consistently identified risk factors for future suicide attempts in depression (Sokero et al., 2005). A male attempted suicide in the past is more than thirty times more likely to complete suicide, while a female with a past attempt has about three times the risk (PreventionLane, .n.d.). The combination of depression and other risk factors contribute to suicide attempt. Some sociodemographic factors such as gender and age is significant in the development of depression, which in turn, prompt the onset of suicide attempt. Comorbid disorders in depression also increases the risk of suicide attempt. These factors will be helpful to identify the people who are at risk of suicide attempt and more importantly, provide an insight of specific measures of suicide prevention and intervention for the depressed people in the long term.

Plea Bargains and Mandatory Sentencing Essay -- essays research papers

Plea Bargains and Mandatory Sentencing I would like to take this time to explain my position on Plea Bargains and Mandatory Sentencing. I will show both pros and cons for each topic, as well as give you my personal brief on which one I support. There are two types of plea bargains : The first one is a charge bargain. When the prosecutor allows a defendant to "plead guilty to a lesser charge†, or to only some of the charges that have been filed against him. For example, a defendant charged with burglary may be offered the opportunity to plead guilty to "attempted burglary". A defendant charged with Drunk Driving and Driving with License Suspended may be offered the opportunity to plead guilty to just the drunk driving charge. The second plea bargain is when a defendant is told in advance what his sentence will be if he pleads guilty. This can help a prosecutor obtain a conviction if, for example, a defendant is facing serious charges and is afraid of being hit with the "maximum" sentence. Typically, sentence bargains can only be granted if they are approved by the trial judge. Many jurisdictions severely limit sentence bargaining. Sentence bargaining sometimes occurs in high profile cases where the prosecutor does not want to reduce the charges against the defendant, usually for fear of how the newspapers will react. A sentence bargain may allow the prosecutor to obtain a conviction to the most serious charge, while assuring the defendant of an a...

The Congress for New Urbanism and Environmental Awareness Essay

The Congress for New Urbanism and Environmental Awareness In the last two decades the New Urbanism movement has begun among planners, designers, and builders. Though it does not provide complete solutions to many of the environmental problems caused by human development, it shows a greater awareness of the undesirable and potentially destructive tendencies exhibited by conventional methods of design, planning and construction. Robert Davis, board chairman of the Congress for the New Urbanism, describes the problem of urban sprawl and development. "For five millennia, we have built towns and cities with strong centers and clear edges, beyond which lay farms and forests and lakes and streams. For five decades these clear edges have become increasingly ragged, and the centrifugal forces of sprawl have flung a strange collection of objects across the landscape. The strangest of these objects are large boxes with very specialized functions. They are connected to each other by swaths of asphalt and each is surrounded by a small sea of the same material. Their placement relative to each other and to the smaller boxes we live in is designed and planned for the maximum possible consumption of our time, and of energy in various forms, including human..."(http://www.cnu.org/nunjuly98.html). "Our monoculture development pattern started as a good idea to separate steel mills and slaughter houses from dwellings. Now we rigidly separate all uses: our homes, our workplaces, our children’s schools, the places we assemble. This not only ensures the maximum possible consumption of time and energy, it also separates us from each other" (http://www.cnu.org/nunjuly98.html). This is a design perspective based on aesthetics instead of enviro... ...d, watertables, or their conditions. Nor was their any specific mention of the use of natural recyclable or sustainable materials in construction. These facts make me aware that there needs to be more collaboration and sharing of knowledge between planners, designers, builders, and ecologists. If ecological concerns are not given consideration in development, ultimately all life forms will suffer. If biologists and ecologists do not understand the essential elements of economics and aesthetics in design when communicating their concerns, nothing will be done to correct current development trends until human health is severely effected. Works Cited CNU Update http://www.cnu.org/nunjuly98.html Environmental Building News http://www.ebuild.com/Archives/Other_ Beth Dunlop, Architectural Record Jan. 97, The New Urbanists The Second Generation, p.132-135

Marilyn Monroe Speech

My name is Amor Serrano and today I will speak to you about the life of Marilyn Monroe. She was one of America’s most famous idols. Mrs. Monroe was a huge Civil Rights Movement// Ella Fitzgerald was one of Marilyn’s idols and inspiration. The Mocambo nightclub in West Hollywood (famous at the time) would refuse to allow Ella to perform there because she was black. ////// Marilyn, extremely upset, told the owners that if they allowed Ella to perform, she would be front tow every time Ella was onstage. When she did this the two women became good friends.Ella said, â€Å"I owe Marilyn Monroe a real debt†¦it was because of her that I played the Mocambo, a very popular nightclub in the ’50s. She personally called the owner of the Mocambo, and told him she wanted me booked immediately, and if he would do it, she would take a front table every night. She told him – and it was true, due to Marilyn’s superstar status – that the press would go wi ld. The owner said yes, and Marilyn was there, front table, every night. The press went overboard. After that, I never had to play a small jazz club again. She was an unusual woman – a little ahead of her times.And she didn’t know it. † American model turned actress, she was famous for her seductive blonde persona on and off camera from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. Monroe appeared in a few popular movies, but remembered as an international sex symbol that died at age 36. Today// I will inform you of her childhood, her pathway to fame, and ultimately her death. Marilyn was an important idol. She is extremely inspiring and I find that women coming of age should look at her with aesthetics. First, I will discuss her childhood, then her pathway to fame Then ultimately her deathHer birth-name is Norma Jeane Mortenson. She was considered an illegitimate child because she did not know her father. Monroe spent two years at the orphanage and in and out of a successi on of foster homes. It is believed that during this time, Monroe was molested. Monroe and Dougherty were married on June 19, 1942. At age 16, the arrangement was made. I’ve now discussed Marilyn’s childhood, I will now discuss her road of fame. Marilyn started off as a model/// World War II was when her husband Dougherty joined the Merchant Marine in 1943 and was shipped out to Shanghai.Monroe had found a job at Radio Plane Munitions Factory. She was discovered by a photographer named David Conover. Her first appearance was on Yank magazine in 1945 The photos were sent to Potter Hueth, a commercial photographer. Hueth and Monroe soon struck a deal: Hueth would take pictures of Monroe but she would only be paid if magazines bought her photos. Monroe caught the attention of Miss Emmeline Snively she who ran the Blue Book Model Agency, the largest model agency in Los Angeles. Dougherty, still overseas, was not happy about his wife modeling. Marilyn Monroe Signs With a Mov ie StudioIn August of 1946///20th Century Fox offered Monroe a six-month contract with the studio having the option of renewing it every six months. When Dougherty returned, he was even less happy about his wife becoming a starlet. The couple divorced in 1946. Transforming From Norma Jeane to Marilyn Monroe 20th Century Fox helped her create a screen name. //First called, Marilyn Miller, a popular 1920s stage performer. Monroe chose her mother’s maiden name for her last name. †¢Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! (1948) †¢Ladies of the Chorus (1948) †¢Marilyn Monroe Poses Nude- Tom Kelly 6. Marilyn Monroe’s Big Break Love Happy (1949) – Asphalt Jungle (1950) – All About Eve (1950) – Don't Bother to Knock (1952) The Public Finds Out About Marilyn Monroe's Nude Pictures. Fans only found to love her more. – Niagara (1953), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953), River of No Return (1954), and There’s No Bus iness Like Show Business (1954 Marries multiple men James Dougherty (m. 1942–1946) Joe DiMaggio (m. 1954–1954) Arthur Miller (m. 1956–1961) Rumors of Affairs Marilyn Monroe Dies of Overdose Monroe was depressed and continued to rely on sleeping pills and alcohol.Yet it was still a shock when 36-year-old Monroe was found dead in her Brentwood, California, home on August 5, 1962. Monroe’s death was marked â€Å"probable suicide† and the case closed. DiMaggio claimed her body and held a private funeral. Many people have questioned the exact cause of her death. Some speculate it was an accidental overdose of sleeping pills, others think it may have been purposeful suicide, and some wonder if it was murder. For many, her death remains a mystery. In conclusion, we should remember the remarkable woman Marilyn Monroe had been, and how inspiring she is to others. She is a figure of beauty.

Lamb to the Slaughter Essay

Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl uses the literary devices of dramatic irony, foreshadowing, and imagery to depict a dark comedy by grasping the idea of a tragedy becoming humorous. There are multiple uses and examples of irony throughout this short story that relate to the idea of a dark comedy. One key quote of dramatic irony comes from the end of the book stating, Personally, I think its right here on the premises.? Probably right under our very noses. What do you think, Jack This quote here shows us as that the detectives have no idea that they are actually eating the evidence of the murder right then and there. We, as the audience, obviously know what is going on and by Mary Maloney chuckling at that statement shows us that Dahl turned something as horrible as murder into something that she laughs at in the end referring to the idea of dark comedy. Verbal irony is also represented in this piece of literature. When she goes to the market, she talks to the grocer and states, ? No, Ive got meat, thanks. I got a nice leg of lam, from the freezer.? (pg. 20) This is verbal irony because it shows that what she is saying is basically telling the grocer what she used for the murder of her husband. The irony here is amusing, knowing the fact that killed the supposed love of her life and can so easily lie about it. So again, the verbal irony really catches the tone of the dark comedy that Dahl is trying to capture here. Both dramatic and verbal irony relate to eac h other in the sense that the audience feels the ideas of a tragedy as something funny therefore, relating back to the overall picture of the piece of literate as a dark comedy in the short story

Catal Hyuk

CHAPTER ONE: Before History IDENTITIES: Complex Society Paleolithic Venus Figurines Metallurgy Social Class/Social Structure Lucy Neolithic Lascaux Cave Paintings Neolithic Revolution Agricultural Revolution MAP: Olduvai Gorge Neander Valley Catal Huyluk Lascaux CHAPTER TWO: Early Societies in SW Asia and Indo-European Migrations IDENTITIES: The Epic of Gilgamesh Sargon of Akkad Hammurabi’s Codes/Laws Stele Assyrians Economic Specialization Stratified Patriarchal Society Elite, Commoner, Dependent, Slave Cuneiform Moses Polytheism Cross-Cultural Interaction Cross-Cultural Exchange Semitic City-state Hammurabi Indo-Europeans Hittites Hanging Gardens of Babylon Bronze and Iron Metallurgy Pastoral Nomads Hebrews, Israelites, Jews Abraham Monotheism Phoenicians MAP: Oceans Seas Continents Indian Subcontinent Tigris River Euphrates River Nile Rivers Anatolia Arabia Steppes of Eurasia (Ukraine) Southwest Asia South Asia Mesopotamia Ur Phoenicia Babylon Judea CHAPTER THREE: Early African Societies and Bantu Migrations IDENTITIES: Mummification Demographic Pressures Savannah Menes Pharaoh Mercenary Scribe Cataracts Hieroglyphics Rosetta Stone Pyramids MAPS: Sudan Sahara Sahel Nile River Congo River Niger River Egyptian Kingdom Nubian Kingdom Kushian Kingdom Mediterranean Red Sea Anatolia Phoenicia Lake Chad Equator â€Å"Punt† Mesopotamia Memphis Sub-Saharan Africa Meroe Cairo West Africa East Africa CHAPTER FOUR: Early Societies in South Asia IDENTITIES: Aryans Ecological Degradation Republic Varna Jati Social Mobility Ritual Sacrifices Upanishads Samsara Mokasha Harappans Vedas, Rig Veda, Vedic Age Caste Brahmins Sati (Suttee) Dravidians Brahman Karma *MAPS*: Indus River Ganges River Himalaya Mountains Hindu Kush Mountains Bay of Bengal Harappa Red Sea Persia Persian Gulf CHAPTER FIVE: Early Society in East Asia IDENTITIES: Staple Foods Xia â€Å"China’s Sorrow† â€Å"Mandate of Heaven† Cowrie Shells Extended Family Consort Dynasty Loess Hereditary State Zhou Decentralized Administration Artisans Ancestor Veneration Oracle Bones Steppe Nomads MAPS: Yangzi River Steppes of Eurasia Southeast Asia Indian Ocean Burma (Myanmar) Mojeno-daro Huang He (Yellow) River Tibetan Plateau Southwest Asia Malay Peninsula Maldive Islands CHAPTER 6: Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania IDENTITES: Obsidian Maize Bering Land Bridge Pan-American Highway Pan-Pacific Highway Ceremonial Centers Authoritarian Society Agricultural Terraces Bloodletting Rituals Andean Highlands Andean Lowlands Austronesian Peoples Olmec Ball Games Doubled-hulled Canoes MAPS: Bering Strait Australia Oceans New Guinea Gulf of Mexico Caribbean Sea New Zealand Mississippi River Amazon River Polynesia Hawaii Yucatan Peninsula Indonesia Southeast Asia Easter Island Andes Mountains Chavin de Huantar CHAPTER 7: The Empires of Persia IDENTITIES: Archaemenids Cyrus Darius Parthians Tribute Standardized Coins Qanat Alexander of Macedonia Free vs. Unfree Labor Magi Seleucids Satrapies Royal Road â€Å"Eyes and ears of the king† Xerxes Bureaucrats Zoroastrianism MAPS: Persepolis Anatolia Afghanistan Macedonia Thrace Royal Road Bactria Iran Indus River CHAPTER 8: The Unification of China IDENTITIES: Eunuchs Castration Sian Qian Period of the Warring States Kong Fuzi Analects Ren, li, xiao Laozi Dao, Daoism Legalism Qin Shi Huangdi Great Wall Chinese Script Conscription Liu Bang Han Wudi Hegemony Yellow Turban Uprising Tribute Silk MAPS: Chang’an Great Wall Xiongnu Korea Bactria Taklamakan Desert South China Sea Samarkand Sumatra Java Guangzhou Bukhara CHAPTER 9: State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India IDENTITIES: Hindu Kush Mountains Political Vacuum Indus River Ashoka Maurya Bactria Tributary Alliances Monsoons Southeast Asia Varna Brahmin Siddhartha Gautama Four Noble Truths Dharma Patronage Boddhisatva Punjab Chandragupta Maurya Ganges River Patiliputra Kushan Empire White Huns Indonesia Caste System Jati Jainism Buddha Noble Eightfold Path Stupas Ceylon â€Å"Arabic† Numerals CHAPTER 10: Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase IDENTITIES: Homer Mycenaeans King Minos Minoans Polis Pericles Antigonius Selecus Socrates Plato Spatan Persian Wars Peloponnesian War Hellenistic Empires Stoics The Liad and the Odyssey Trojan War Minoan Linear A and B Helot Alexander the Great Ptolemy Aristotle Tyrant Solon Darius, Xerxes Alexander of Macefon Sappho Maps: Balkan Peninsula Crete Cyprus Aegean Sea Athens Mycenae Thebes Persepolis Knossos Byzantium Neapolis Bactria Anatolia Peloponnesian Peninsula Sparta Macedonia Troy Ionia Attica Memphis Sicily CHAPTER 11: Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase INDENTITIES: Paul of Tarsus Republic Po River Tiber River Senate Consuls Patricians Plebians Tribunes Dictator Gaul Celtics Carthage Punic Wars Latifundia Julius Caesar Octavian Augustus Marc Anthony Cleopatra Pax Romana Mare Nostrum Colosseum Pater Familias Jesus of Nazareth Bread and Circuses Diocletian Constantinople Western and Eastern Roman Empires Attila St. Augustine Constantine Visigoths Huns 476 ce Bishop of Rome CHAPTER 12: Cross-Cultural Exchange on the Silk Road IDENTITIES: Monsoon Winds Taklamakan Desrt Missionaries Epidemics Expatriate Merchants Bubonic Plague Bishop of Rome 476 ce Nestorians Syncretic/syncretism Small Pox St. Augustine Manicheaism MAP: Kush Himalaya Mountains Taklamakan Desert Taxila Persian Gulf Arabia Tyre Red Sea South China Sea Ceylon Bactria Chang’an Hindu Kush Mountains Madagascar Kashgar Caspian Sea Palmyra Antioch Arabian Sea Damasacus Guandzhou Pondicherry Samarkand Sumatra Java Parthia CHAPTER 13: The Commonwealth of Byzantium IDENTITIES: Byzantine Commonwealth Caesaropapism Corpus iuris civilis â€Å"Greek Fire† Schism Saint Cyril and Methodius Sasanids Hagia Sophia Theme System Iconoclasm Fourth Crusade MAPS: Balkan Peninsula Egypt Constantinople Alexandria Kiev Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Red Sea Caspian Sea Bosporus Strait Dardanelles Strait Anatolian Peninsula/Anatolia Sasanid Empire Damascus Rome Bulgaria Danube River CHAPTER 14: The Expansive Realm of Islam IDENTITIIES: Muhammad Arab Muslim Islam Quran Dar al-Islam Five Pillars Jihad Hajj Sharia Ka’ba Caliph Sunni Shia Hijra Umma Umayyad Abbasid Ulama Qadis Harun al Rushid Sultan Sufi Ibn Rushd â€Å"seal of the prophets† MAPS: Toledo Seville Cordoba Delhi Tunis Damascus Jerusalem Mecca Medina Palermo Baghdad Basra Isfahan Constantinople Samarkand Merv The Sind Khyber Pass Red Sea Persian Gulf Arabian Sea Indian Ocean Mediterranean Sea Indus River Al-Andalus Tigris/Euphrates Rivers Sasanid Empire CHAPTER 15 and 16: The Indian Ocean Basin IDENTITIES: Sui Tang Taizong Uigher Footbinding Gunpowder Chan/Zen Buddhism Neo-Confucianism Silla Dynasty Samuri The Sind Chola Ceylon Dhows/Junks Sufis Swahili States Yang Jian Grand Canal Equal Field System Fast-ripening Rice Porcelain Printing Paper Money Heian Court The Tale of Genjii Harsha Sultanate of Delhi Vijayanagar Monsoons Jati Angkor Wat Zimbabwe CHAPTER 15 and 16: The Indian Ocean Basin MAPS: Borders: Sui Tang Song Hangzhou Grand Canal Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River Japan South China Sea The Sind Vijayanagar Ceylon Cambay Calicut Bay of Bengal Indian Ocean Chang’an Huang He/Yellow River Korea Vietnam Sea of Japan Harasha’s Kingdom Chola Sultanate of Delhi Monsoon Winds Surat Quilon Arabian Sea Madagascar Mogadishu Malindi Kilwa Sofala Funan Angkor Mambassa Red Sea Adulis Srivijaya Sumatra CHAPTER 17 and 20: Europe in the Middle Ages IDENTITIES: Charlemagne Clovis Vikings Magyars Holy Roman Empire Serfs Vassals Manors Horse collars, watermills Heavy plows Pope Gregory I William Duke of Normandy Hanseatic League Three Estates Chivalry Guilds Thomas Aquinas Pilgrimage Gothic Cathedrals Leif Erikson Reconquista Fourth Crusade Bubonic Plague MAPS: Fankish Kingdom Papal States Britain Scandinavia Holy Roman Empire Castile Aragon Granada Portugal Navarre Iberian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula France Poland Hungary Serbia Byzantine Empire London Toledo CHAPTER 18: Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration IDENTITIES: Yurt Khan Shamans Battle of Manzikert Sultanate of Delhi Seljuks Temujin Khanbaliq Khubilai Khan Glolden Horde Ilkhanate Hulegu Yuan Bubonic Plague Tamerlane Marco Polo Gunpowder Ming Hongwu Ming Yongle MAPS: Steppes of Central Asia Persia Anatolia Manzikert Afghanistan Sultanate of Dehli Sultanate of Rum China Byzantine Empire Karkorum Samerkand Constantinople Baghdad Moscow CHAPTER 19: States and Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa IDENTITIES: Bantu Migrations Stateless Society Sundiata Mansa Musa Ibn Battuta Kinship Groups Age Groups Creator god Cotton Sugar Cane MAPS: Ife Benin Kongo Niger River Senegal River Congo/Zaire River Sahara The sahel Ghana Mali Jenne Timbuktu Gao CHAPTER 21: Worlds Apart: The Americas and Oceania IDENTITIES: Teotihuacan Chichen Itza Mexica/Aztec Chinampa Tenochtitlan Calpulli Calendars Quetzalcoatl Huitzilopochitli Pueblos Cahokia Matriarchy Confederation Cuzco Ayllus Quipu Mummification MAPS: Maya Empire Teothuacan Chichen Itza Tikal Aztec Empire Tenochtitlan Pueblo Societies Iroquois Lands Mound-building Lands Cahokia Cuzco Inca Empire Mississippi River Great Lakes Gulf of Mexico Andes Mountains Rocky Mountains Caribbean Sea Ohio River Sierra Madre Mountain CHAPTER 23: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections IDENTITIES: Vasco Da Gama Compass,Astrolab Christopher Columbus Circumnavigation Trading=post Empires VOC â€Å"Columbian Exchange† Lateen Sails Bartolomeu Dias James Cook British East India Co. Prince Henry the Navigator Manila Galleons MAPS: Portugal Spain England Netherlands Lisbon Cape Verde Islands Azore Islands Canary Islands Philippine Islands Straits of Melaka Calicut Ottoman Empire Cape of Good Hope Northeast Trade Winds Westerlies Hawaiian Islands Siberia Java CHAPTER 24: The Transformation of Europe IDENTITIES: Martin Luther Ninety-Five Theses Henry III Missionary Council of Trent Society of Jesus Thirty Years’ War Treaty of Westphalia Protestant Charles V Siege of Vienna Spanish Inquisition Glorious Revolution Louis XIV Peter I Versailles St. Petersburg Catherine II Balance of Power Capitalism Adam Smith VOC Joint-Stock Company Putting-Out System Ptolemaic Universe Newton Copernican Universe John Locke Deism MAPS: Holy Roman Empire England Netherlands Spain Switzerland Italian States Rome Paris Madrid Amsterdam Russia St. Petersburg CHAPTER 25: New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania IDENTITIES: Hernan Cortes Treaty of Tordesillas Encomienda Smallpox Conquistadors Seven Years’ War Mestizo Viceroy Mullatoes Settler colony Peninsulares Potosi Mit’a system Hacienda Silver trade Fur trade Tobacco Indentured servitude Manila Galleons James Cook MAPS: Caribbean Islands Aztec Empire Tenochtitlan Brazil Peru Mesoamerica New Castle Quebec Hispaniola Inca Empire Cuzco Mexico New France New Spain St. Augustine Jamestown Massachusetts Bay Philadelphia New Guinea Easter Island Tahiti New York Australia New Zealand Hawaiian Islands CHAPTER 26: Africa and the Atlantic World IDENTITIES: Sunni Ali Kingdom of Kongo Manioc Olaudah Equiano Maroons Call-and-response Songhay Antonian Movement Middle Passage Plantation Societies Creole Languages Queen Nzinga of Ndongo MAPS: Sierra Leone Sahara Desert Sub-Saharan Africa Songhay Timbuktu Senegal River Congo River Malindi Mombasa Kilwa Cape Town Kanem-Bornu Kingdom of Kongo Portugal Sofala Angola Cape Verde Islands CHAPTER 27: Tradition and Change in East Asia IDENTITIES: Mongols/Manchus Ming Dynasty Qing Dynasty Eunuchs Forbidden City Queue Qing Kangxi Ging Qianlong Son of Heaven Infanticide Zheng He Manila Galleons mean people† Shogun Daimyo Shinto Dutch Learning Scholar-bureaucrat Foot binding Treasure ships VOC Matteo Ricco Bakufu Samuri Fancis Zavier MAPS: Manchuria Beijing Najing Great Wall Forbidden City Korea Mongolia Tibet Burma Philippine Islands Macau Nepal Caspian Sea Vietnam Batavia Nagasaki Edo Guangzhou CHAPTER 28: The Islamic Empires IDENTITIES: Shah Jahan Taj Mahal Ghazi Janissaries Selim the Grim Twelver Shiism Babur â€Å"divine faith† Peacock Throne Isman Bey Devshirme Mehmet II Shah Ismail Qizilbash Akbar Aurangzeb MAPS: Anatolia Egypt Istanbul Belgrade Hungary Vienna Danube River Aegean Sea Black Sea Yemen Aden Malta Casoian Sea Tabriz Caucasus Kabul Qandahar Delhi Isfahan Ottoman Empire Safavid Empire Mughal Empire CHAPTER 29: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World IDENTITIES: John Locke Voltaire Rousseau Montesquieu Adam Smith Seven Years’ War Battle of Saratoga Battle of Yorktown Declaration of Independence U. S. Constitution Ancien Regime Estates General Louis XVI levee en masse â€Å"cult of reason† Robespierre Jacobins Napoleon Waterloo Olympe de Gouges Civil Code Congress of Vienna Gens de couleur Maoon Boukman Toussaint L’Overture Miduel de Hidalgo Simon Bolivar Gran Columbia â€Å"Jamaican Letter† Emperor Pedro I Caudillos Juan Manual de Rosas Lopez de Santa Anna Benito Juarez Zionism Cavour Bismark Garibaldi British North America Act Federalism Dominion of Canada John MacDonald MAPS: Paris London Berlin Masocow Madirid Boston Chicago Caracas Lima Vieena Rome Lisbon New York Mexico City Bogota Buenos Aires European Countries in 1750 European Countries in 1875 North/South American Colonies in 1750 North/South American Colonies in 1875 CHAPTER 30: The Making of Industrial Society IDENTITIES: Watt’s Steam Engine Luddites Capitalism Eli Whitney Monopolies Trusts Cartels The Demographic Transition Utopian Socialists Witte Golondrinas Factory System Adam Smith Josiah Wedgwood Corporation Crystal Palace Exhibition Thomas Malthus The Communist Manifesto Zaibatsu Henry Ford MAPS: European Countries, ca 1850 Cuba Peru United States China Japan Argentina Brazil Canada Hawaii CHAPTER 32: Societies at a Crossroads IDENTITIES: Napoleon Muhammad Ali Capitulations Janissaries Mahmud II Tanzimat Reforms Young Ottomans Young Turks Constitution of 1876 Tsar Alexander II Alexander III Nicholas II Crimean War Great Reforms Emancipation Zemstvos Sergie Witte Pogroms Russo-Japanese War Bloody Sunday Duma Cohong system Opium War Treaty of Najing Hong Kong Unequal Treaties Tributary Empire Hing Xiuquan Empress Cixi Admiral Perry Taiping Rebellion Self-Strengthening Movement Boxer Rebellion Tokugawa MAPS: Ottoman Empire (1759/1914) Russian Empire (1759/1914) Japanese Empire (1759/1914) Anatolia Balkan Peninsula Egypt Serbia Alexandria Moscow Russia Caucusus Guangzhou Korea Burma Balkan Peninsula Greece Istanbul Crimean Peninsula St. Petersburg Baltic Provinces China Hong Kong Vietnam Kyoto CHAPTER 33: The Building of Global Empires IDENTITIES: Cape to Cairo White Man’s Burden Steam-powered Gunboats Maxim Guns Submarine Cables Sepoy Revolt VOC Livingstone and Stanley Boer Wars Maoris Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary Cecil Rhodes Civilizing Missioin Social Darwinism Breech-loading rifles Battle of Omdurman BEIC The Great Game French Indochina Suez Canal Queen lili’uokalani Indian National Congress Monroe Doctrine Russo-Japanese War MAPS: Africa (1750/1914) Colonial Empires Map showing raw materials provided by the colonies CHAPTER 34 The Great War: The World in Upheaval IDENTITIES: Archduke Franz Ferdinand Pan-Slavism Triple Entente Total War Tsar Nicholas II Trench warfare No-man’s-land Home Front V. I. Lenin Petrograd â€Å"Peace, Land, Bread† Lusitania Weimar Republic Fourteen Points Big Four League of Nations U. S. S. R. Self-determination Triple Alliance Schlieffen Plan Kaiser Wilhelm II Western Front Stalemate Verdun Mustard Gas Bolsheviks Soviets Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Easter Rebellion Influenza Pandemic Woodrow Wilson Mustafa Kemal/Kemal Ataturk Mandate System Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Neuilly Treaty of Sevres Treaty of St. Germain Treaty of Trianon MAPS: Britain Belgium Austria-Hungary Italy Austrailia China Alps Marne River Paris St. Petersburg France Germany Russia Japan New Zealand Colonial Possession in Africa Seine River Nile River London Berlin Rome Vienna Sarajevo Istanbul Damascus Balkans Serbia Ottoman Empire (1914) Persia Siam German Colonies in the Pacific Verdun Dardanelle Straits Republic of Turkey Syria Iraq U. S. S. R. Palestine Yugoslavia Weimar Republic CHAPTER 35 and 36: Reactions to World War I IDENTITIES: Adolf Hitler Otto Spengler Sigmund Freud Werner Heisenberg Picasso Bauhaus Depression The New Deal New Economic Policy Trotsky â€Å"lost generation† Arnold Toynbee Albert Einstein Cubism Gauguin Gropius Keynesian Economics Red vs. Whites Kulaks â€Å"socialism in one country† Collectivization Facism Corporatism â€Å"pronatalits† policy Anti-Semitism Pogroms Muslim League Ahimsa, satyagraha Amritsar Massacre Government of India Act May 4th Movement Guomindang Mukden Incident Marcus Garvey Emiliano Zapata â€Å"land and liberty† â€Å"dollar diplomacy† vs. Yankee Imperialism† Standard Oil Company Joan Batista Somoza FDR Five Year Plan(s) The Great Purge Mussolini NSDAP Nuremberg Laws Kristallnacht Indian National Congress Gandhi Muhammad Ali Jinnah Pakistan Sun Yatsen Mao Zedong Jiang Jieshi Maoism vs. Marxist-Leninism Jomo Kenyatta Pan-Afr icanism Pancho Villa Diego Rivera United Fruit Company Getulio Vargas Cesar Sandino President Cardenas Chiquita Banana MAPS: Berlin Vienna Paris Washington, D. C. Moscow Austria Italy India Manchuria Taiwan Mexico Brazil Argentina Chile New York Leningrad Germany U. S. S. R. Rome China Japan Kenya Peru Columbia Bolivia Nicaragua Korea CHAPTER 37: New Conflagrations: World War II IDENTITIES: Axis/Revisionist Powers Allied Powers Manchuria Invasion of China Rape of Nanjing Tripartite Pact Appeasement Anschluss Munich Conference Nonaggression Pact Warsaw Pact Blitzkrieg U-Boats Luftwaffe The Blitz Lebensraum Operation Barbossa Stalin Stalingrad Lend-lease Program â€Å"a date that will live in infamy† â€Å"Asia for Asians† Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere D-Day Wannsee Conference â€Å"comfort women† Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan N. A. T. O. United Nations MAPS: Manchuria China Japan Beijing Nanjing Ethiopia Italy Spain Libya Albania Sudetenland Czechoslovakia Poland Germany U. S. S. R. Stalingrad Pertrograd Moscow Caucasus Region Dutch East Indies French Indochina Pearl Harbor Dresden Berlin Iwo Jima Okinawa Tokyo Hiroshima Nagasaki CHAPTERS 38 and 39: Cold War and Decolonization IDENTITIES: UN NATO Warsaw Pact IMF World Bank OPEC OEEC, EU GATT SALT agreements Iron curtain Superpower Yalta Berlin Blockade Berlin Wall M. A. D. Korean War 38th Parallel Domino Theory Cuban Missile Crisis Richard Nixon Nikita Khrushchev Simone de Beauvoir Betty Friedan Bob Marley Civil Rights Movement Martin Luther King, jr. Hegemony Charles de Gaulle â€Å"Brezhnev Doctrine† Alexander Dubcek Mao Zedong Prague Spring De-Stalinization Marshall Tito Detente Vietnam Muhammad Ali Jinnah Jawaharlal Nehru Gandhi Dominion-status Ho Chi Minh Geneva Agreements Balfour Declaration Abdel Nasser Suez Crisis FLN Negritude Kwame Nkrumah â€Å"Mau Mau† revolt Jomo Kenyatta Great Leap Forward Cultural Revolution Lazaro Cardenas Joan and Eva Peron Jacobo Arbenz Guzman Somoza Family Sandinistas MAPS: Berlin (East and West) Germany (East and West) Moscow Korea Cuba Hungary China India Kashmir Syria Lebanon Suez Canal Israel Algeria Kenya Argentina Nicaragua Guatemala 38th Parallel Yugoslavia Czecholsovakia Vietnam Pakistan Palestine Iraq Jordan Egypt France Ghana Mexico